Anderson, Warwick <br/><br/>
Immunization and Hygiene in the Colonial Philippines / 
Warwick Anderson 
<br/><br/> Vaccination and the enforcement of stipulations of personal<br/>hygiene can be viewed as different mechanisms of colonial government.<br/>Immunization campaigns reach and register populations, but they may also<br/>appear to obviate the need for behavioral reform. Hygiene education implies<br/>the development of a disciplined, self-governing citizenry, although in the<br/>colonial setting validation of such attainment is usually deferred. This article<br/>explores the tension between mechanisms of security (immunization) and<br/>drill (hygiene) in the Philippines, under the United States’ colonial regime, in<br/>the early twentieth century. KEYWORDS: Immunization, vaccination, public<br/>health, state medicine, colonial, race, United States, Philippines 
<br/><br/>in: Journal of the History of Medicine, 2007 vol. 62 (1) pages 1-20 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Hygiene-- history <br/> Immunization Programs --history<br/>Smallpox -- prevention and control